Practical Steps to Extract Data from a RAID Disk if NAS Asustor LOCKERSTOR 12R Pro is Not Booting

Contents

• Why Regular Data Recovery Tools Can’t Restore Files from RAID
• Key Information About the NAS Asustor LOCKERSTOR 12R Pro
• How to Remove Hard Disks from Your NAS and Connect Them to a PC
  • Step-by-Step Data Recovery with Hetman RAID Recovery
  • How to Safely Recover Data from Disk Images
  • Where Are the User’s Files Actually Stored?
  • RAID Recovery Software: Detailed Comparison

Why Regular Data Recovery Tools Can’t Restore Files from RAID

Conventional hard drives store user data by writing it sequentially across the disk surface, which means an entire file is typically located on a single drive. In contrast, when data is written to a RAID array, each file is split into multiple fragments. These fragments are then distributed and written in sequence across all the drives in the array. Depending on the configuration, fragment sizes can range from 2 KB to 2 MB, so every file is physically stored across several disks at once.

This approach significantly increases read and write performance — after all, writing two halves of a 1 GB file to two drives simultaneously is much faster than writing the full 1 GB to a single disk. However, this same mechanism makes file recovery far more complex.

Different RAID levels use different methods to distribute and protect data. On top of that, manufacturers like Asustor often add their own proprietary structures and variations. As a result, data can be written to disks in many different formats, and each requires a specific approach during recovery.

How can user authentication methods impact data loss risks for NAS Asustor LOCKERSTOR 12R Pro devices?

User authentication methods can have a significant impact on data loss risks for NAS Asustor LOCKERSTOR 12R Pro devices. Here are some ways in which user authentication methods can mitigate or increase data loss risks:

1. Strong Password Policies: Implementing strong password policies, such as requiring complex passwords and regular password changes, can reduce the risk of unauthorized access to the NAS device. Weak passwords are more susceptible to brute-force attacks, which can lead to data loss.
2. Two-Factor Authentication (2FA): Enabling 2FA adds an extra layer of security by requiring users to provide a second form of authentication, such as a unique code from a mobile app, in addition to their password. This can significantly reduce the risk of unauthorized access, even if the password is compromised.
3. Account Lockouts: Implementing account lockouts after a certain number of failed login attempts can protect against brute-force attacks. This prevents an attacker from continuously guessing passwords and potentially gaining unauthorized access to the NAS device.
4. Role-Based Access Control (RBAC): RBAC allows administrators to assign specific roles and permissions to users, granting them access to only the necessary files and folders. This reduces the risk of accidental or intentional data loss by limiting user access to sensitive data.
5. Audit Logs and Monitoring: Enabling audit logs and monitoring user activities can help identify any suspicious or unauthorized access attempts. It allows administrators to track user actions and detect any potential data loss risks or security breaches.
6. Regular Firmware Updates: Keeping the NAS device's firmware up to date ensures that any security vulnerabilities are patched, reducing the risk of unauthorized access and data loss.

It is essential to implement a combination of these user authentication methods to enhance the security of NAS Asustor LOCKERSTOR 12R Pro devices and minimize the risks of data loss.

How to Remove Hard Disks from Your NAS and Connect Them to a PC

Although the NAS LOCKERSTOR 12R Pro can be accessed over the network, you still need to remove its hard disks and connect them directly to a Windows PC. Only then can the recovery software properly scan and analyze the drives. Follow these steps:

1. Power off the NAS and disconnect it from the power source.

   WARNING! Before removing any drives, carefully read the device manual. Improper actions may damage both the NAS enclosure and the hard disks in the RAID array.

2. Remove the hard disks one by one, gently sliding each drive out of its slot. Remember that hard disks are highly sensitive: any impact or drop can cause serious physical damage.

3. Label each hard disk according to its position inside the NAS. The order of the drives is crucial for correct RAID reconstruction.

4. Connect the drives to your computer. In this video, we explain which ports you can use to connect hard disks and what to do if your PC does not have enough free connectors.

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   How to Order Remote Data Recovery

Step-by-Step Data Recovery with Hetman RAID Recovery

This program restores data from damaged RAID arrays and is fully compatible with Asustor LOCKERSTOR 12R Pro. Each hard disk in the array contains technical metadata describing how files were written. When launched, Hetman RAID Recovery analyzes this metadata, automatically reconstructs the damaged array, and provides access to its contents. After that, you can browse the recovered disk and save your files. The program can also restore files that were accidentally deleted from the network drive.

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How to recover data from a Asustor

LOCKERSTOR 12R Pro has 12 HDD slots, and it supports the following array types:

• RAID 0;
• RAID 1;
• RAID 5;
• RAID 6;
• RAID 50;
• RAID 60;
• RAID 10;
• JBOD;

NAS supports:

• Ext2;
• Ext3;
• Ext4;

How to Safely Recover Data from Disk Images

This utility allows you to create a complete copy of a disk and work with the disk image instead of the physical drive. This approach helps protect your data from:

• Overwriting during the recovery process;
• Additional data loss caused by bad sectors;
• User errors.

To create a disk image, follow these steps:

1. Ensure you have enough free space to store the image. Its size will typically match the size of the original disk.

2. In the main window, select the target disk and choose Tools - Save Disk. You can also select multiple disks if needed.

3. When the Image Creation Wizard opens, select whether you want to save the entire disk or only a specific region. Adjust the settings and click Next.

   

4. Choose the directory where the image will be saved. You may select any available disk connected to your PC or upload the image via FTP.

   

Where Are the User’s Files Actually Stored?

The Asustor LOCKERSTOR 12R Pro network-attached storage keeps OS Linux operating system files on a separate RAID 1 (mirrored) array. Usually, all NAS systems create several volumes on every hard disk, and the first of them takes up to 2 Gb of space. This is where operating system files are stored. Other volumes are united into a RAID array where user’s data is written.

RAID Recovery Software: Detailed Comparison