Understanding NAS QNAP Turbo Station TS-431XeU / TS-431XU / TS-431XU-RP RAID Controller Failure: Causes and Data Recovery

Contents

• Why Regular Data Recovery Tools Can’t Restore Files from RAID
• Key Information About the NAS QNAP Turbo Station TS-431XeU / TS-431XU / TS-431XU-RP
• How to Remove Hard Disks from Your NAS and Connect Them to a PC
  • Step-by-Step Data Recovery with Hetman RAID Recovery
  • How to Safely Recover Data from Disk Images
  • Where Are the User’s Files Actually Stored?
  • RAID Recovery Software: Detailed Comparison

Why Regular Data Recovery Tools Can’t Restore Files from RAID

Conventional hard drives store user data by writing it sequentially across the disk surface, which means an entire file is typically located on a single drive. In contrast, when data is written to a RAID array, each file is split into multiple fragments. These fragments are then distributed and written in sequence across all the drives in the array. Depending on the configuration, fragment sizes can range from 2 KB to 2 MB, so every file is physically stored across several disks at once.

This approach significantly increases read and write performance — after all, writing two halves of a 1 GB file to two drives simultaneously is much faster than writing the full 1 GB to a single disk. However, this same mechanism makes file recovery far more complex.

Different RAID levels use different methods to distribute and protect data. On top of that, manufacturers like QNAP often add their own proprietary structures and variations. As a result, data can be written to disks in many different formats, and each requires a specific approach during recovery.

Are there any specific precautions to take while migrating data between NAS QNAP Turbo Station TS-431XeU / TS-431XU / TS-431XU-RP devices?

Yes, there are a few precautions to consider while migrating data between QNAP Turbo Station TS-431XeU / TS-431XU / TS-431XU-RP devices. Here are some key points to keep in mind:

1. Backup your data: Before starting the migration process, it is crucial to create a backup of all your important data. This will ensure that your data remains safe in case of any unforeseen issues or data loss during the migration process.
2. Check compatibility: Ensure that the destination NAS (the one you are migrating the data to) is compatible with the source NAS (the one you are migrating the data from). Check the QNAP website or consult the user manual to verify compatibility.
3. Update firmware: Make sure that both the source and destination NAS devices are running the latest firmware versions. Updating the firmware helps to ensure compatibility and stability during the migration process.
4. Network stability: Ensure that your network connection is stable and reliable. Any interruptions or network issues during data migration can lead to data corruption or loss.
5. Plan for downtime: Data migration may require some downtime, especially if you are transferring a large amount of data. Plan accordingly and inform users who may be affected by the temporary unavailability of the NAS.
6. Verify data integrity: After the migration process is complete, it is essential to verify the integrity of the migrated data. Check if all files and folders are intact and accessible on the destination NAS. Compare checksums or perform file/folder comparisons to ensure data accuracy.
7. Test access and functionality: Once the migration is complete, test access to the migrated data and ensure that all services and applications are functioning as expected. This will help identify any issues that may have occurred during the migration process.

By following these precautions, you can minimize the risk of data loss or corruption during the migration process and ensure a smooth transition to the new NAS device.

How to Remove Hard Disks from Your NAS and Connect Them to a PC

Although the NAS Turbo Station TS-431XeU / TS-431XU / TS-431XU-RP can be accessed over the network, you still need to remove its hard disks and connect them directly to a Windows PC. Only then can the recovery software properly scan and analyze the drives. Follow these steps:

1. Power off the NAS and disconnect it from the power source.

   WARNING! Before removing any drives, carefully read the device manual. Improper actions may damage both the NAS enclosure and the hard disks in the RAID array.

2. Remove the hard disks one by one, gently sliding each drive out of its slot. Remember that hard disks are highly sensitive: any impact or drop can cause serious physical damage.

3. Label each hard disk according to its position inside the NAS. The order of the drives is crucial for correct RAID reconstruction.

4. Connect the drives to your computer. In this video, we explain which ports you can use to connect hard disks and what to do if your PC does not have enough free connectors.

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   How to Order Remote Data Recovery

Step-by-Step Data Recovery with Hetman RAID Recovery

This program restores data from damaged RAID arrays and is fully compatible with QNAP Turbo Station TS-431XeU / TS-431XU / TS-431XU-RP. Each hard disk in the array contains technical metadata describing how files were written. When launched, Hetman RAID Recovery analyzes this metadata, automatically reconstructs the damaged array, and provides access to its contents. After that, you can browse the recovered disk and save your files. The program can also restore files that were accidentally deleted from the network drive.

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How to recover data from a QNAP

Turbo Station TS-431XeU / TS-431XU / TS-431XU-RP has 4 HDD slots, and it supports the following array types:

• RAID 5;
• RAID 6;
• RAID 10;
• RAID 0;
• RAID 1;
• JBOD;

NAS supports:

• ZFS;
• EXT4;
• EXT3;
• FAT32 (External Disk Only);
• NTFS (External Disk Only);
• HFS+ (External Disk Read Only);

How to Safely Recover Data from Disk Images

This utility allows you to create a complete copy of a disk and work with the disk image instead of the physical drive. This approach helps protect your data from:

• Overwriting during the recovery process;
• Additional data loss caused by bad sectors;
• User errors.

To create a disk image, follow these steps:

1. Ensure you have enough free space to store the image. Its size will typically match the size of the original disk.

2. In the main window, select the target disk and choose Tools - Save Disk. You can also select multiple disks if needed.

3. When the Image Creation Wizard opens, select whether you want to save the entire disk or only a specific region. Adjust the settings and click Next.

   

4. Choose the directory where the image will be saved. You may select any available disk connected to your PC or upload the image via FTP.

   

Where Are the User’s Files Actually Stored?

The QNAP Turbo Station TS-431XeU / TS-431XU / TS-431XU-RP network-attached storage keeps QTS (QuTS hero) operating system files on a separate RAID 1 (mirrored) array. Usually, all NAS systems create several volumes on every hard disk, and the first of them takes up to 2 Gb of space. This is where operating system files are stored. Other volumes are united into a RAID array where user’s data is written.

RAID Recovery Software: Detailed Comparison