NAS Synology DiskStation DS508 RAID Arrays: Data Recovery Strategies for Natural Component Wear

Contents

• Why Regular Data Recovery Tools Can’t Restore Files from RAID
• Key Information About the NAS Synology DiskStation DS508
• How to Remove Hard Disks from Your NAS and Connect Them to a PC
  • Step-by-Step Data Recovery with Hetman RAID Recovery
  • How to Safely Recover Data from Disk Images
  • Where Are the User’s Files Actually Stored?
  • RAID Recovery Software: Detailed Comparison

Why Regular Data Recovery Tools Can’t Restore Files from RAID

Conventional hard drives store user data by writing it sequentially across the disk surface, which means an entire file is typically located on a single drive. In contrast, when data is written to a RAID array, each file is split into multiple fragments. These fragments are then distributed and written in sequence across all the drives in the array. Depending on the configuration, fragment sizes can range from 2 KB to 2 MB, so every file is physically stored across several disks at once.

This approach significantly increases read and write performance — after all, writing two halves of a 1 GB file to two drives simultaneously is much faster than writing the full 1 GB to a single disk. However, this same mechanism makes file recovery far more complex.

Different RAID levels use different methods to distribute and protect data. On top of that, manufacturers like Synology often add their own proprietary structures and variations. As a result, data can be written to disks in many different formats, and each requires a specific approach during recovery.

How can user authentication methods impact data loss risks for NAS Synology DiskStation DS508 devices?

User authentication methods can have a significant impact on data loss risks for NAS Synology DiskStation DS508 devices. Here are some ways in which user authentication methods can mitigate or increase data loss risks:

1. Strong Password Policies: Enforcing strong password policies, such as requiring a combination of uppercase and lowercase letters, numbers, and special characters, can make it harder for unauthorized users to gain access to the NAS device. This reduces the risk of data loss due to unauthorized access.
2. Two-Factor Authentication (2FA): Implementing 2FA adds an extra layer of security by requiring users to provide a second form of authentication, such as a code generated by a mobile app or a fingerprint scan. This significantly reduces the risk of unauthorized access and data loss.
3. Account Lockouts: Implementing account lockouts after a certain number of failed login attempts can protect against brute-force attacks. This prevents malicious actors from repeatedly attempting to guess passwords, reducing the risk of unauthorized access and data loss.
4. Limited User Privileges: Assigning appropriate user privileges can limit the potential damage that can be caused by a compromised account. Users should only have access to the data and services they require to perform their tasks, reducing the risk of accidental or intentional data loss.
5. Regular Password Updates: Enforcing regular password updates ensures that users periodically change their passwords, reducing the risk of unauthorized access due to compromised credentials.
6. Audit Logs and Monitoring: Enabling audit logs and monitoring user activities can help identify any suspicious or unauthorized access attempts. This allows for timely response and mitigation of potential data loss risks.

On the other hand, if weak authentication methods are used, such as easily guessable passwords or no authentication at all, the risk of unauthorized access and data loss increases significantly. It is crucial to implement strong authentication measures to protect the data stored on NAS devices like Synology DiskStation DS508.

How to Remove Hard Disks from Your NAS and Connect Them to a PC

Although the NAS DiskStation DS508 can be accessed over the network, you still need to remove its hard disks and connect them directly to a Windows PC. Only then can the recovery software properly scan and analyze the drives. Follow these steps:

1. Power off the NAS and disconnect it from the power source.

   WARNING! Before removing any drives, carefully read the device manual. Improper actions may damage both the NAS enclosure and the hard disks in the RAID array.

2. Remove the hard disks one by one, gently sliding each drive out of its slot. Remember that hard disks are highly sensitive: any impact or drop can cause serious physical damage.

3. Label each hard disk according to its position inside the NAS. The order of the drives is crucial for correct RAID reconstruction.

4. Connect the drives to your computer. In this video, we explain which ports you can use to connect hard disks and what to do if your PC does not have enough free connectors.

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   How to Order Remote Data Recovery

Step-by-Step Data Recovery with Hetman RAID Recovery

This program restores data from damaged RAID arrays and is fully compatible with Synology DiskStation DS508. Each hard disk in the array contains technical metadata describing how files were written. When launched, Hetman RAID Recovery analyzes this metadata, automatically reconstructs the damaged array, and provides access to its contents. After that, you can browse the recovered disk and save your files. The program can also restore files that were accidentally deleted from the network drive.

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How to recover data from a Synology

DiskStation DS508 has 5 HDD slots, and it supports the following array types:

• Synology Hybrid RAID (SHR);
• RAID 6;
• RAID 5;
• RAID 10;
• RAID 1;
• RAID 0;
• Basic;
• JBOD;

NAS supports:

• Btrfs;
• EXT4;
• EXT3 (External Disk Only);
• FAT32 (External Disk Only);
• exFAT (External Disk Only);
• NTFS (External Disk Only);
• HFS+ (External Disk Read Only);

How to Safely Recover Data from Disk Images

This utility allows you to create a complete copy of a disk and work with the disk image instead of the physical drive. This approach helps protect your data from:

• Overwriting during the recovery process;
• Additional data loss caused by bad sectors;
• User errors.

To create a disk image, follow these steps:

1. Ensure you have enough free space to store the image. Its size will typically match the size of the original disk.

2. In the main window, select the target disk and choose Tools - Save Disk. You can also select multiple disks if needed.

3. When the Image Creation Wizard opens, select whether you want to save the entire disk or only a specific region. Adjust the settings and click Next.

   

4. Choose the directory where the image will be saved. You may select any available disk connected to your PC or upload the image via FTP.

   

Where Are the User’s Files Actually Stored?

The Synology DiskStation DS508 network-attached storage keeps DSM (DiskStation Manager) operating system files on a separate RAID 1 (mirrored) array. Usually, all NAS systems create several volumes on every hard disk, and the first of them takes up to 2 Gb of space. This is where operating system files are stored. Other volumes are united into a RAID array where user’s data is written.

RAID Recovery Software: Detailed Comparison