NAS Synology RackStation RS1221RP+ / RS1221+ RAID Controller Failure: Causes, Recovery Solutions, and Data Recovery Techniques

Contents

• Why Regular Data Recovery Tools Can’t Restore Files from RAID
• Key Information About the NAS Synology RackStation RS1221RP+ / RS1221+
• How to Remove Hard Disks from Your NAS and Connect Them to a PC
  • Step-by-Step Data Recovery with Hetman RAID Recovery
  • How to Safely Recover Data from Disk Images
  • Where Are the User’s Files Actually Stored?
  • RAID Recovery Software: Detailed Comparison

Why Regular Data Recovery Tools Can’t Restore Files from RAID

Conventional hard drives store user data by writing it sequentially across the disk surface, which means an entire file is typically located on a single drive. In contrast, when data is written to a RAID array, each file is split into multiple fragments. These fragments are then distributed and written in sequence across all the drives in the array. Depending on the configuration, fragment sizes can range from 2 KB to 2 MB, so every file is physically stored across several disks at once.

This approach significantly increases read and write performance — after all, writing two halves of a 1 GB file to two drives simultaneously is much faster than writing the full 1 GB to a single disk. However, this same mechanism makes file recovery far more complex.

Different RAID levels use different methods to distribute and protect data. On top of that, manufacturers like Synology often add their own proprietary structures and variations. As a result, data can be written to disks in many different formats, and each requires a specific approach during recovery.

How can regular data verification or checksum processes help maintain data integrity on NAS Synology RackStation RS1221RP+ / RS1221+ devices?

Regular data verification or checksum processes can help maintain data integrity on NAS Synology RackStation RS1221RP+ / RS1221+ devices in the following ways:

1. Detecting data corruption: Regular data verification processes involve comparing the checksum of the stored data with the calculated checksum. If there is a mismatch, it indicates that the data has been corrupted or altered. By performing regular data verification, any data corruption can be identified and addressed promptly.
2. Preventing silent data corruption: Silent data corruption refers to the situation where data gets corrupted without any immediate indication or error message. Regular data verification processes can help in detecting silent data corruption by comparing the stored checksum with the calculated checksum.
3. Ensuring data consistency: Data verification processes validate the integrity and consistency of the stored data. By comparing the checksum, any inconsistencies or discrepancies in the data can be identified and corrected.
4. Early detection of hardware issues: Regular data verification processes can also help in identifying potential hardware issues. If data corruption occurs frequently or consistently, it could indicate problems with the storage media, such as failing hard drives or faulty cables. By detecting these issues early, appropriate actions can be taken to prevent data loss.
5. Maintaining data reliability: Data verification processes provide an additional layer of protection against data corruption. By regularly verifying the integrity of the stored data, the NAS device can ensure that the data remains reliable and accurate over time.

It is important to note that data verification processes should be performed regularly and systematically to maximize the effectiveness of maintaining data integrity on NAS Synology RackStation RS1221RP+ / RS1221+ devices.

How to Remove Hard Disks from Your NAS and Connect Them to a PC

Although the NAS RackStation RS1221RP+ / RS1221+ can be accessed over the network, you still need to remove its hard disks and connect them directly to a Windows PC. Only then can the recovery software properly scan and analyze the drives. Follow these steps:

1. Power off the NAS and disconnect it from the power source.

   WARNING! Before removing any drives, carefully read the device manual. Improper actions may damage both the NAS enclosure and the hard disks in the RAID array.

2. Remove the hard disks one by one, gently sliding each drive out of its slot. Remember that hard disks are highly sensitive: any impact or drop can cause serious physical damage.

3. Label each hard disk according to its position inside the NAS. The order of the drives is crucial for correct RAID reconstruction.

4. Connect the drives to your computer. In this video, we explain which ports you can use to connect hard disks and what to do if your PC does not have enough free connectors.

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   How to Order Remote Data Recovery

Step-by-Step Data Recovery with Hetman RAID Recovery

This program restores data from damaged RAID arrays and is fully compatible with Synology RackStation RS1221RP+ / RS1221+. Each hard disk in the array contains technical metadata describing how files were written. When launched, Hetman RAID Recovery analyzes this metadata, automatically reconstructs the damaged array, and provides access to its contents. After that, you can browse the recovered disk and save your files. The program can also restore files that were accidentally deleted from the network drive.

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How to recover data from a Synology

RackStation RS1221RP+ / RS1221+ has 8 HDD slots, and it supports the following array types:

• Synology Hybrid RAID (SHR);
• RAID 6;
• RAID 5;
• RAID 10;
• RAID 1;
• RAID 0;
• Basic;
• JBOD;

NAS supports:

• Btrfs;
• EXT4;
• EXT3 (External Disk Only);
• FAT32 (External Disk Only);
• exFAT (External Disk Only);
• NTFS (External Disk Only);
• HFS+ (External Disk Read Only);

How to Safely Recover Data from Disk Images

This utility allows you to create a complete copy of a disk and work with the disk image instead of the physical drive. This approach helps protect your data from:

• Overwriting during the recovery process;
• Additional data loss caused by bad sectors;
• User errors.

To create a disk image, follow these steps:

1. Ensure you have enough free space to store the image. Its size will typically match the size of the original disk.

2. In the main window, select the target disk and choose Tools - Save Disk. You can also select multiple disks if needed.

3. When the Image Creation Wizard opens, select whether you want to save the entire disk or only a specific region. Adjust the settings and click Next.

   

4. Choose the directory where the image will be saved. You may select any available disk connected to your PC or upload the image via FTP.

   

Where Are the User’s Files Actually Stored?

The Synology RackStation RS1221RP+ / RS1221+ network-attached storage keeps DSM (DiskStation Manager) operating system files on a separate RAID 1 (mirrored) array. Usually, all NAS systems create several volumes on every hard disk, and the first of them takes up to 2 Gb of space. This is where operating system files are stored. Other volumes are united into a RAID array where user’s data is written.

RAID Recovery Software: Detailed Comparison